[Editor’s note: This is a typed transcript of an original diary penned by Edward L. Peckham. It was transcribed from the original by Robert Grandchamp. The diary is titled “Diary in French and English of Events from May 17 to July 2, 1842.” The original diary is in Dorr Papers, Vol. 35, John Hay Library, Brown University.
Robert Grandchamp was unavailable, so I asked Dorr War expert Russell J. Desimone for a short summary of the Dorr War, for those readers who may not be totally familiar with this crucial episode in Rhode Island’s history. Russell wrote:
The Dorr Rebellion occurred in Rhode Island between 1841 and 1842. The state was still operating under its colonial charter granted by King Charles II in 1663. Many of the charter’s provisions had become antiquated as Rhode Island moved into the industrial age. Most egregious was the requirement for suffrage limiting it to freeman who owned property worth at least $134. This provision meant that by the 1840s more than sixty percent of white adult males could not vote. Other grievances were the disproportionate representation in the General Assembly of low populated rural towns versus highly-populated cities, as well as an independent judiciary. After repeated attempts petitioning the General Assembly for redress failed, the Rhode Island Suffrage Association under the leadership of reformer Thomas Wilson Dorr called for an extralegal constitutional convention to draft a new state constitution. These efforts resulted in two separate state governments. One was the charter government under Governor Samuel Ward King and the other the People’s Government under Governor Thomas Wilson Dorr. When Dorr resorted to force, the charted government responded by raising a large armed army of charter and volunteer militia companies. In all, a total of 3,500 charter men were called into service The two major military events were the attack by the Dorrites on the Cranston Road arsenal on the night of May 17/18 and another encounter at Chepachet in late June. Dorr failed to establish the people’s government, but shortly after the rebellion was over a constitutional convention was called by the charter government. The resulting state constitution went into effect in May 1843 and it still remains the state’s constitution today.]
Thomas Dorr’s headquarters, the Burrington Anthony house, on Atwells Avenue in Providence
Diary:
Tuesday May 17, 1842.
About 6 o’clock in the afternoon, I went up street to hear the news, and was told, that a little before, about 20 Dorrites had come from Marshal Anthony’s House besides Atwells Avenue armed with guns and marching boldly up College Hill to the armory of the United Train of Artillery had seized their two brass cannons and returned with them to Anthony’s House, which was the headquarters of Tom Dorr. Many of the Marines & Cadets stood around and looked upon the exploit with impatience and the greatest anger, but could do nothing without the sanction of the governor who was out of the city.
Everyone was astonished at the opportunity of the Dorrites, the Governor was immediately sent for, and all “Law and Order” was required to go to the Arsenal to furnish themselves with a musket, take it to their homes and have it ready for immediate use. For the first time I felt my heart beat, but my resolution was firm. Every Law and Order man that I encountered looked sad but determined, while the Dorrites looked joyful and menacing. They already had possession of the city, it was the impression of all that Dorr would attack the Arsenal and a fight would begin before a great while.
As I was going home, I was requested to see George Earle and warn him to appear at the Marine Armory instantly. His wife was much agitated, shed tears, and was told that George was too unwell to go out the house. George did indeed look sick and said he had been unwell all day but would certainly go in there if things proved to be serious.
When I arrived home, I found our family excited and enquiring of Bro. Samuel the real state of affairs. I had not appetite for supper but went to my room took from my trunk all useless papers and other articles some of which I burnt and those remaining I carried down to the wharves and threw in the river, and then went up the street again.
At the Post Office, I encountered Bob Watson who asked me to go with him to the Arsenal to get a musket. We hired a horse and buggy at Balch stable and before leaving the hostlers began their blabbering “You have seen your last day. The Algerines are all down.” All along the way, people were going and returning the latter loaded with muskets.
I entered the Arsenal and found Bro. Thomas reposing on a box on the second story; he appeared free and easy and said he felt so well. About 500 muskets all loaded were resting against the sides of the hall. On the first story were 5 pieces of cannon loaded with ball and grape shot. Three of them were placed at the door and two windows on the north side, the other 2 at the windows looking east and west. They were in charge of thirty men, mostly sailors, who inquired if they would be reinforced and when told that the Infantry, Cadets, and Marines would soon be there, their anxiety was relieved. After remaining a few moments Bob and Erasmus went to Market Square where everybody was in the greatest excitement.
I then returned to the First Light Infantry Armory on Meeting St. where my company was assembled venting their anger upon all who felt inclined to listen, but getting little sympathy they departed in great anger. Orders were given not to leave the armory without permission. About 9 o’clock the company marched in silence to the quarters of the Cadets and Artillery (in rear of Town House) to join them on their way to the Arsenal, but this project was abandoned and one company returned, taking with them about 20 muskets besides their own, which was not considered safe to leave behind. A great crowd of Dorrites looking on all the while.
These 80 guns were afterwards carried secretly through the rear doors of the Mansion House and placed in one of the upper chambers amid the tears and agitation of the women. The company remained at the Armory till 2 am in great anxiety as to what would happen. It was a splendid night, the air calm and dead with an exceedingly bright moon, a strange time for man to war against his fellow man; all nature was so peaceful and quiet.
At length one of the numerous scouts brought the intelligence that Dorrs Army was about to move against us. This was verified by two cannon reports, which burst upon the still air of the night as the echo reverberated through the whole city. Some of Dorr’s advisors favored an attack on our armory and afterwards the population of Brown University. But this was severed and orders were given to march upon the Arsenal.
Suddenly the church bells began there successive stroke at short intervals in order to arise the sleeping inhabitants. Each member of the Infantry began to equip himself, to load his musket and cartridge box, and some even in their pockets. No unnecessary words were spoken, but all looked sad and determined.
The company numbered about sixty loyal men, but after the bells had commenced tolling, it was reinforced by some forty volunteers, among whom was Judge Pitman, Nat. Bishop, and Sam Dexter. As these old cocks entered fully equipped and with a firm tread and demanded of Captain Brown a place in the ranks, loud noises and impassioned cheers of joy filled the hall. The new comers were posted without regard to heights, so as to be in command as little as possible, the discipline of the company, the “regulars” remaining either in the center or on the flanks of the new men.
Before leaving Capt. Brown addressed us in a few words, consulting us to fire low in case a fight ensued and especially to keep in ranks with the company to which we belonged the “First Light Infantry” and keep it name untarnished.
We then left the Armory. Never has I experienced such a night so quiet and solemn, the moon has set, and a thick fog had arisen, concealing everything. We had no music and all was forbidden to speak, or even whisper. The only sounds were the measured tread of our feet and subdued orders of the officers, as we marched down Meeting St. along No. Main and Westminster St. to High St. where we halted. Here a scout informed us that Dorr had made a detour through Love Lane and was already arrived at the Arsenal with 400 men, though almost concealed by the thick fog.
The company then moved again as far as Hope Tavern- where we learned that a detachment was left to intercept our approach. But nothing being discovered, we continued advancing a little farther, being told that Col. Wheaton had demanded of Col. Blodgett the surrender of the Arsenal to Gov. Dorr, to which Blodgett replied, “I know no such man.” Dorr then placed his two cannons a short distance off and gave the order to fire, but not one obeyed him, that he himself than applied the match to one of them, but the powder only flashed; and the report was that Dorr’s army was retreating.
The upper room of the Cranston Road arsenal in Providence on May 17, 1842.
It was the intention of our company to attack Dorr in the rear, and we remained quietly for a half hour posted when the fog lifted, and neither Dorr or his army could be seen. We then approached the Arsenal and exchanged greetings with those within among whom I recognized many of our best citizens acting as volunteers. Among them Sull. Dorr, Sam Ames, and Crawford Allen, the brother, brother in law, and uncle of Dorr.
After remaining sufficiently long with the Artillery, Cadets, and Infantry, returned to their respective Armories and dismissed for breakfast with order to appear at 8 o’clock. On my way home I met many men, who inquired the true state of affairs, Joshua Mauran even asked me to breakfast with him. In the meantime the steamboat which had been sent the preceding night to Newport, Bristol, and Warren was seen on her return, about five miles down the river.
Proclamation issued by Governor Samuel W. King to “Take Arms,” dated May 17, 1842
Wednesday May 18
At 8 o’clock, every man found himself on hand. The shops were closed, and all good citizens had come forth to defend the city. At the foot of Transit St. the Providence, soldiers met those from Newport, Bristol, and Warren. The whole force amounting to 600 men with 6 pieces of cannon, then marched as far as City Hotel where it halted, and hearing that Dorr had abandoned his soldiers and could not be found the regiment instead of going to the arsenal, passed down Matthewson Street at the end of which it halted.
Then a young fellow belonging to the invincible Woonsocket Light Infantry and seated in a buggy attempted to force his way through. Seeing which, Sam Dexter left the ranks of the Infantry and putting his fist in the fellows face cried “you rascal what are you here for,” which so frightened the young man that he trembled visibly.
The regiment continued up Atwell’s Avenue and again halted. In front of Burrington Anthony’s House, twelve or fifteen men could be seen with two large and three small pieces of cannon. Dorrites were walking hither and thither. On the back at the south side of the street was assembled a large crowd of men who mocked us continually, “Go ahead you damned cowards, go ahead, you dare not,” etc. The Bristol Artillery headed our column, the Dorrite cannon directly in front and ready to be fired.
Meanwhile a portion of the regiment made a detour to the south of Anthony’s House and took possession, the balance filing up to the right or north side of the street, and halting opposite Anthony’s, the Dorrites started retreating as we advanced. One Dorrite approached a cannon with intent to fire, but the torch was knocked from his hand by a comrade.
While we thus rested, printed circulars were distributed, giving the information that nearly all the representatives of Dorrs constitution had resigned. I had with me a flask of brandy to use in case of necessity. I now brought it out and with the aid of others soon emptied it. Another short advance was now made on the edge of the open plain.
In the street aside of us were two cannons from the Arsenal, two belonging to the Marines, and two to the Bristol Artillery. Among the boys who manned the two first was Brother Thomas Mauran. About 500 feet to the west of the plain were the Dorrites, occasionally flashing their torches. Their pieces were charged with nails and with grape shot. For an hour the two parties stayed in their positions, neither being party to draw the first fire. When the Dorrites suddenly drew back behind the men on the edge of the plain of the hill under the cove. The army being dwindled down to some dozen men.
The impatience of all was great, at remaining so long inactive. At length it was rumored that negotiations were going on by which the few desperate men had agreed to give up their cannon provided the Algerines would withdraw. It was also said that they were all drunk except Mauran who agreed the uselessness of reasoning with them in the present state, but that if our part were to remain quiet until the effects of the liquor had passed off he pledged his word the guns would be returned. Thereupon the regiment quitted the hill and marched to Market Square where they were addressed by Col. Blodgett and dismissed.
I went home, changed my clothes which were covered with dust and went out again. Reaching the house of Joshua Mauran, the master asked me in and showed through a chamber window the Dorrites still encamped and showing no signs of surrender.
A squad from the United Train of Artillery from who the two brass cannons were taken went and demanded their delivery, but the squad received only curses. Nevertheless, the next morning when the Dorrites were taken over, the guns were returned to their proper place.
Mayor Thomas M. Burgess of Providence asks the public to assemble to arms to defend the chartered government, May 18, 1842
About 5 o’clock the Newport, Bristol, and Warren soldiers were returned to the steamer Providence. John H. Richmond. The force on landing was welcomed by a large crowd and well responded to. They were addressed by Rev. Mr. Vinton in a new feeling and impressive manner. The music of the Bristol Artillery consisted of two clarinets and a bass drum the musicians playing but a single tune which caused much excitement and enthusiasm being sung and whistled by everybody and afterwards executed in a masterly manner by the “Lime Rock Band.”
Sunday May 22, 1842
I took a stroll about the Arsenal and Federal Hill the day was charming many people out examining the entrenchments of the insurgents. It was rumored that Dorr was in Connecticut. Doct. Richmond and I continued our walk by Eagle Woods to Sis Halls where we suppered. Many good fellows were there, and among them was Burrington Anthony noisy and menacing as usual. On our return we stopped at the Horton and took a glass of gin, walking about 12 miles.
Dorr fled with Crawford Allen to the north of the state, then to Connecticut and New York. After remaining at the latter place a while, he went to Washington and made every effort to interfere President Tyler in his favor, but the latter reasoned him very coldly and Dorr returned to New York. {Editor’s note: Dorr only went to Washington, D.C. in May 1842, prior to the arsenal incident.] There some evil minded men of the Democratic Party caused a large crowd to assemble which made patriotic speeches and passed furious resolutions in favor of “Gov Dorr” and endeavoring to sustain him.
From that time until the middle of June, reports were continually circulated about Dorr and his designs. A constant rumor was that the Dorrites were forming military camps and practicing daily in the manual of arms in preparation of another rising. Governor Cleveland of Connecticut and Hall [should be Governor Henry Hubbard] of New Hampshire refused to deliver Dorr to Gov. King. The democratic journalists of Massachusetts took the part of Dorr and called those who opposed him and his designs cruel and bloody Algerines.
All over the City of Providence citizens were forming themselves into military companies making a regiment of about 800 men called the City Regiment. Nearly all of the officers were members of the First Light Infantry. Their dress consisted of a blue coat, white pants, and a singular hat made expressively for them. Guards were placed at every Armory and every night watches were established who made quarters in College St. and whose provisions were furnished at the expense of the state.
The guards of the Infantry passed their time very pleasantly, playing cards, and telling stories, though in silence. About 20 loaded muskets were kept within reach in case of need. The carpet and furniture of our nice saloon were removed from their places and used as a sleeping room. Our rations consisted of hot coffee, boiled lobsters, ham, corned beef, tongue, and bread and cheese, furnished by Col. Richard Smith.
During this time, it was reported that Dorr was in New York with Mike Walsh who kept a saloon called the “Pewter Mug” and intended a second time to attack the blood thirsty “Algerines.” The newspapers of that city was filled with accounts of numerous assemblies which were favored by A. Vanderpoel and other rich men of the Democratic Party and who were strewing with all their power to convince the people that Dorr was the true governor of R. Island. The whole Democratic Party promised him men and money to enable him to carry out his designs and subduing of the state.
About the middle of June it was evident to all that a crisis was approaching; the Dorrites in the North part of the state were reasoning more and more bold. They insulted “Law and Order” men wherever found- Major Allen, Ben. West, and “Gen.” D’Wolf swore that the days of the Algerines were numbered. It was rumored that a large case filled with firearms had been found concealed in a certain shop. Many military companies of Massachusetts offered their equipments to the Dorrites as some called them “Arabs.”
The guard at our Armory was reinforced and ordered to remain out doors instead of within. Two cannon were placed below at the corner of Benefit Street and two above on Congdon Street and two also at the doors of the Armory.
Reports manifested that the Arabs were assembling in force in Woonsocket and preparing to erect a fort and that Dorr himself would soon arrive from N. York with 3,000 men. In the meantime a great excitement was caused by a party of 20 Arabs going to Woon to steal the brass cannons which belonged to the United Train of Artillery and which had been entrusted with the Warren Artillery. They were not successful however as one or two “Law and Order” men suspecting some evil design rode to Warren at full speed and aroused the inhabitants who instantly assembled to the number of two hundred. The thieves becoming frightened, returned to Providence, a dark and rainy night favoring their flight. At the same time the powder of the Algerine Duty Greene was robbed of twenty or twenty-five casks of powder.
Thursday June 23
Our family were much alarmed at the absence of Bro. Samuel, all night being contrary to his customary habits. Early in the morning I went to his office in College St. I found it empty and the door shut and no one could give any information.
Finally Gen. Clarke told me that Samuel, and Charlie Harris had gone the previous night to Chepachet to find out who was going on and as most of them were uniformed it was thought something had befallen them. Suddenly a man on a horse was seen coming at full speed towards the Franklin House where was assembled a large crowd. The man dismounted and hastened to the council chambers of the governor in Whipple Building opposite. It proved to be Charlie Harris, who, after having rested about an hour, made his appearance. The crows was so great that I had much difficulty in reaching him, when he told me that Sam was with Dorr and would soon be back and indeed they came soon after.
Bro. Samuel told me that he and Harris were taken prisoners in Chepachet and ordered them into the tavern (kept by Sprague) where they saw Shelley and Keep. Their firearms were then taken from them and then tied up with their arms pinioned behind them and the party forced to walk to Chepachet, a distance of 12 miles. Shelley being a fleshy man was urged forward by thrusts of the bayonet. The infernal Arabs often told them they had a little while to live, and then felt their pulses to learn the effect of their taunts.
On reaching Woonsocket they were put into a barn and ordered to mount a ladder to the loft above, where they were presented with food, which caused Charlie Harris to explain “Courage, courage my lads, they don’t look like killing today.” But soon they heard word below which caused them some trouble. The Arabs were holding a council and consulting about the fate of the prisoners. The crowd demanded their instant execution, but the chiefs or leaders were submissive and in a little while gave them their liberty and offered to escort them from the village, but all favors were declined and the party left the place alone.
The Arabs told the prisoners, that Gov. Dorr was expected from N. York with a thousand men that guns and provisions in abundance and fortifications would be erected. It was said that Major Allen was employed in making cartridges.
Monday June 27
This morning I breakfasted at home then dressed myself in my cloth cap, every day coat, thick pants, thick stockings, and boots. I carried a cartridge box, a leather belt which supported a pistol, also a canteen of good brandy, a knapsack of provisions, and woolen blanket, with my overcoat, thick pair of pants, I made another bundle, then taking my musket I started for the Armory.
I found every one full of business. Here one was unpacking and marking his clothes, there one whistled or sang a little song. Charlie Harris with a crowds of amateurs stood aside and sang with much enthusiasm his favorite songs. “Am I not fondly thine own.” Soon the orderly sergeant was heard to cry, “Fall in” and all the noise ceases. The company is formed, wheeled into sections, and the command given to “order arms” and we remained with our arms crossed. Then as some commenced the noise, a piece of music played by the Bristol Artillery and called “Old Bristol” was started and sung and whistled with my enthusiasm.
Suddenly Lieut. Barber our commandant cried “Attention Company” and informed us that Mr. Harrington, the Unitarian preacher wished to offer a prayer for our success. He did say in a manner and words so touching as to moisten the eyes of many. At the conclusion, the order was again given “Attention Company. Shoulder Arms, Right Flank File Left, Forward, MARCH!” The fife and drums sounded their stirring music and we marched out of the Armory, halting while in front of the Mansion House to await the coming of the Marine Artillery which was to accompany us.
Here the landlady provided us with small pieces of linen cloth, but for what purpose I did not know at the time. I took one however and put in my pocket. At the approach of the Artillery we presented arms as they passed us and obliqued into sections followed them on the road to Chepachet. At the top of Smith’s Hill we halted for our last order, the Law and Order people furnishing us with water and doughnuts. Here Sergeant Branch, dressed in his Indian jacket, displayed his fife (his carbine being suspended at his back) and was accompanied by Sergeant Sabin who carried a tambourine.
About 10 1/2 o’clock we again started “route step,” but in order stopping a short distance this side of the tollgates under the trees of a farmyard to quench our thirst. I met Bro. Charles in passing his farm. About noon we reached noon we reached Fruit Hill, a small village whose inhabitants were all Dorrites. There we met the Warren and Bristol Artillery and Middletown Volunteers who had encamped their all night. Our forces then consisted of 500 men with 6 pieces of cannon. The Infantry and Marine Artillery numbering 150. Many if not most guilty citizens had fled the village, those remained being quiet and peaceable. We halted at this place and sitting on the grass dined on cold ham and corned beef and bread and butter.
The weather was very fair and comfortably warm and our party in good spirits. Branch, Sabin, and Harris sung us on with their original music and songs. After having dined and arranged our baggage and munitions of war, the regiment was ordered into line, the artillery in front. As we were about leaving Mr. Sullivan Dorr, the father of the Rebel approached us coming from Chepachet on his way to Providence. He was ordered to stop and some of the officers had a few words with him. I did not know their import, but the story was along that Dorr’s soldiers were dispersing. Almost as soon as Mr. Dorr acquitted us, Gen. Thurber with a lady drove up in a carriage or buggy. He had nearly passed the lines, when the manners of the man caused his arrest, but was permitted to continue on showing a passport regularly singed. Gen. Thurber was a Dorrite, the most stubborn and relentless.
Our march was “route step,” every man guarding his place and clinging to his company but free in his movements, except when passing through a village, then our ranks were firm and compact and out step accompanied by music. The inmates of the houses appeared either at their doors or windows. The females in particular, many of wept and looked upon us with fear. We arrived at Greenville about 4 o’clock a swell village situated half way between Providence and Chepachet 8 miles from each.
Greenville contained about 20 houses, a tavern, blacksmith shop, and a meetinghouse. The tavern being on the east, the houses at the south, and the church at the west, a surrounding an open space, green with grass. Six roads converged at this place from all points of the compass. Our forces entered from the east, near the tavern and made the circumference of the village, till the extremities joined at the point of entrance. Every road was guarded by cannon and scouts sent out at once; remaining all night.
The soldiers lodged in the church, the hotel, houses, and tents. My company took our tents and baggage from the wagon and prepared to encamp in the grass in front of the church and while our comrades were getting things in order. Branch, Harris, and Sabin were busy absent in an exhibition of music which they intended to give the ladies of Greenville, young and old. Each member of the Infantry was accosted with the words “Can you sing.” At the reply was “yes,” his name with a request to be at the church immediately after supper. If the reply was “no” he was unceremoniously told to go to the Devil.
Proclamation that martial law is declared by the chartered government, June 1842
But a difficulty soon presented itself to these orders. How, cried they, shall one find out the names of the ladies to make our invitations. No matter, finally cried Harris, we will send Branch and Harris about the village with their fifes and tambourines to warm them to appeal Deacon and Hammond style. Good! Good! cries Branch as he looked for his jacket (he had taken it off while marching, it being very warm) But we had not seen it and after looking everywhere was forced to believe that someone had stolen it.
This misfortune almost caused him to shed a tear, in a mournful voice he said that Osceola himself had given it to him during the Florida war and without it, he could neither sing nor fight. But what afflicted him the most, was that one of the pockets contained a bottle of the best gin ever tasted by man. Even to think of it exclaimed he, makes me thirsty. Let’s all go to the tavern. The company that is, Branch, Sabine, Harris, and myself instantly started for the far room, taking a stiff horn of gin and sugar. We took a survey of the premises which contained a crowd of people clothed in every kind of garment and carrying every kind of firearms and weapon of war. Some were drinking, some were smoking, some ridiculing, etc. One of them was boasting of his courage and telling his friends what he intended to do on reaching Chepachet. In the same were seated some old men, talking gravely about the state of thing, and counseling each other to get home and retire early.
As we came out of the tavern, we saw a little way off, a crowd of men, gesturing in an animated manner. We went towards them and saw a Bristol man relating the particulars of an alarm which had happened to his company right before while posted at Fruit Hill. He bragged of the promptness with which he and his comrades awoke and seized their arms. He said that the man who could scare the Bristol Artillery was not yet born. We left the braggant to return to our company. The tavern was headquarters of Col. Blodgett who commanded our forces and as we advanced, we passed many officers going and coming to receive and execute their orders. They were cautiously examining the weather.
For in truth, within the hour, a great change had taken place. A cold wind was blowing from the North East, and thick dark clouds were constantly gathering. When we were arrived at the church, we saw our comrades busily occupied and collecting and carrying our baggage, and etc. What are you about we cried. Are you rogues replied they. Where have you been? Come, go to work. What are you about, we repeated, none of your business, take some goods and follow us. Go to the Devil, we shall do nothing till you tell us what this is for, and we were about setting down, when a voice behind us ordered us to work instantly. I turned around and saw Lieut. Pitman, so gathering as much baggage as we could carry, we followed him to a barn, almost a quarter a mile off, on the road leading to Chepachet. On our way, we learned that our commandant had ordered our company to the barn because the weather pledged a storm.
After leaving the main road, we crossed a low yard toward the barn, which was a large building, but empty. Opposite the door by which we entered, was another of the same dimensions and a wider passageway between which open to the roof. The right and left of this way on the ground floor was used as stables. Overhead was used for storing hay and etc. The passage way contained a small quantity of hay, which was pitched aloft for us to lay on and our provisions brought in, consisting of barrels of bread, cheese, ham, and etc. in the midst of which was our commissary who was arranging things for our supper. A little before sunset, we made our meal, some sitting, some standing, and others lying on the hay.
The supper would have been excellent if the merchant who sold and packed the provisions had not put the salt in the same barrel with the sugar. The jolting of the carriage caused them to join, which made the boys angry. Indeed it was a great misfortune. After all had eaten and drank their full, Sergeant Henry Richardson named and posted the guard, previously delivering a long and tedious discourse on the duties of a soldier, and in a tone so solemn and peculiar that Sam Bowden never forgot it to his dying day. In a little while the day closed dark and gloomy, and the rain fell in torrents.
As my turn for guard duty would not come till towards morning, I climbed aloft, changed my thin pants for thick ones, and stretched myself on the hay, but the roaring of the wind, the beating of the rain on the roof, added to the novel situation in which I found myself, defeated all attempts to sleep. About 10 o’clock, a cry was heard outside “corporal of the guard,” the barn door was suddenly opened and two prisoners dragged in and searched. All the lights we had came from a lantern which was hung from the roof to see for a close inspection. In a quarter of an hour, another prisoner was led in and soon a noise was heard, other than the storm, as if a party was struggling and swearing. The door again swung open and three more desperate fellows thrust in, followed by cries which drowned out the storm throughout of “Infantry, turn out, turn out.” Instantly every man was on his feet, grasped his musket, and rushed from the barn.
The cow yard, which was muddy before the rain, was now became almost impassible, and we fell or floundered about in large confusion, which caused George Mann, who was of a singular and large disposition, to cry out at intervals. What does Dorr want to fight on such a night as this for? Must I shoot the first man I see? I can’t see a man to shoot him when I cannot see myself.
We soon reached the road, where we saw by the light of a dark lantern, three carriages and some ten men. Their arms were taken and themselves conducted to the Tavern. Among the part was Jim Thurber and his lady, of whom I have before spoken. He had letters from Dorr’s principal officers which he was conveying to their wives. All the prisoners let us know that Dorr and the greater part of his men had quitted Acotes Hill, leaving only 40 or 50 who were drunk, and resolved to fight to the death. Our company was ordered to keep their firearms sheltered from the rain as much as possible and divide ourselves in squads of 4 extending ourselves 1/4 of a mile towards Chepachet, and to keep perfectly still. The night was horribly dark and we recognized each other only by whisper when a canteen of brandy was passed about.
We encountered no one, and after remaining till 1 o’clock we were ordered to return to the barn, and to take the prisoners their in to the Hotel. The rain had ceased and the weather began to lighten, but there was still left a thick fog. Among the prisoners I saw Hamilton and Tommy Smith, the oysterman who lived in Transit St. The presence of the latter surprised me greatly. I could hardly believe it possible that a man of his age (60 yrs) and employment could be aroused to throw off the lead spark of enthusiasm. He marched with a vigorous air, head erect, and at every such step with his monstrous boots, scattering a cart load of mud all around him, groundling aloud at intervals “I hate nobody. I only want my rights!”
After confiding the prisoners to the proper authorities, our company was ordered into line in front of the Church. We made a very comical sight. Every man was wet to the skin, and looked as if drawn from some horse pond, but all in good humor.
Tuesday June 28, 1842
Towards 2 o’clock Lieut. John Pitman informed us that he was in want of a dozen men to go in advance and act as scouts, telling us at the same time, that we would possibly meet on the way many armed and desperate men who would not hesitate to fire on us. Considering that the weather was wet and cold, and the scouts would wear no knapsacks, I instantly stepped forward with eleven others. We followed Lieut. Pitman to the barn and put our knapsacks in the baggage wagon. Then our little detachment, full of fun and adventure started off, the regiment following us about a mile behind.
The first house that we came to, and at whose sons we founded was called the “Song House.” An old man clothed only in his nightshirt opened the door and was asked “if he had any arms within.” “None” replied he. Are there any Dorrites in the house no, no! said he trembling, “not one” we then left him and went to the door at the farther end of the building, which a woman had opened to one of own comrades and stood talking with him in great good humor. She was a stout, healthy woman, wearing a chemise only, which hung loosely on her person and exposing her whole person. But on our approach she endeavoring to conceal it and to close the door. Then we told her that it was necessary to enter and search for Dorrites. But the woman’s manner had become entirely changed. She was no longer a seductive angel, but a repulsive devil. Finding it useless to reason with her, we rushed in and searched everywhere but found no one. Meanwhile the woman was constantly shouting “Let my house alone! You rascals- Don’t touch that bread nor that milk! Do you come here after my husband you rascally Algerines- Oh hell and heavens how I wish he was here! Would he thrash you! Ah! Would it be!” “Your husband” asked me, “Where is he then if he is not in this house” “Where is he, he is in Chepachet,” she screamed, “seek him there, you will find him, depend upon it, thieves and murderers as you are” When we thought of the reception our comrades would have received had he been alone, we came to the conclusion that her husband was indeed away and herself alone. We quitted the long house and continued on our way. The voice of the courageous woman being heard at a great distance, this house being the only one our squad entered during our journey.
About 3 miles from Greenville and 5 from Chepachet, we took three prisoners of a very villainous appearance and soon after, seven others. In fact, as the day began to dawn, we encountered straggling Dorrites at every turn of the road, who being very devoid of their firearms and their pockets searched, were sent to the rear with a sufficient guard. Our squad of 12, was now greatly augmented and constantly employed in taking prisoners who made no resistance and a great quantity of arms and munitions of war were captured. But when we had reached the tavern some 2 miles this side of Chepachet we saw three men, one of whom fired his rifle at us, the ball whizzing just above our heads. The Arab commenced reloading at once. There were only four of us in advance, the rest being out of sight in the rear, so we rushed towards him with full speed, secured him, and then tried to secure his rifle which he struggled to retain. Being in possession of it.
Our little squad formed a line with muskets pointed towards a crowd of fifteen or more unarmed men who had passed out of the tavern during the struggle, and who stood demeaning and cursing us as a force of bloody Algerines, and saying that at Acotes Hill we would meet some fifty brave men who would punish us for our crimes. They were about to attack us in spite of our guns, when the rest of the scouts and the head of the regiment appeared in sight. Then, they tried to make us believe they had never been to Acotes Hill. At the first sight of our regiment, the tavern keeper loudly blew his horn at which a party of scouts immediately went to the house and searching it found a large quantity of firearms. Myself and three others, Daniel Joslin, Paul Niles, and I think Harris Thomas proceeded onward.
When I reached the eminence on which the tavern was built. I turned and looked towards the South, and the sight which presented itself was very novel and charming. The rain and mist had ceased, the weather was rapidly clearing away, and at the moment when I turned my head, a ray of the sun burst radiantly from the clouds, and lit up the bayonets of 500 men, whose dark body, like a snake was winding along the road. The tavern keeper blew his horn to warn the Dorrites of the danger which threatened them, that was the reason why we caught but few men after leaving the tavern.
Soon sounds were momentarily heard as of the firing of cannon and supposed to be from Dorrs Fort, which at first greatly surprised us. All of us discussed the cause, one thought this, the other that, but that which appeared most reasonable, especially when we recalled what the prisoners told us about the 50 Dorrites in the fort was, that the regiment commanded by Col. Swan of Newport was arrived at Acotes Hill and was attacking it.
The road between the tavern and Chepachet was boarded with thickets nearly the whole way, the country also, was hilly and wooded, and as we advanced, every man was on the watch. The truth that Dorr concealed 50 men or so they might have harassed our regiment and perhaps littered the ground with corpses, but we reached the end of the wood without incident. About half a mile from Chepachet, and the luminous Acotes Hill appeared in full view before us.
The road form this place led direct to the hill, around which it made a detour to the left, and then again went direct to the village, which was hid from our sight. The land each side of the road was fenced by stonewalls, was full of bushed and trees, and mostly cultivated. At the foot of the hill, to the right, was a white dwelling house, barn, and other buildings, and a field of rye, growing along the road. At the top of the hill could be seen Dorr’s fortifications, and through the entrenchments the cannons, which were silent, but surrounded by thirty or forty Arabs. The position of the fort was very good, and commanded the road by which we advanced. It was evident by the appearance of things that Col. Swan’s regiment was not yet arrived, so that noises of Artillery which we had before heard, remained a mystery.
In the meantime, Col. George Rivers on horseback approached with an order from Col. Brown, for us scouts to fall back and join our company, but Paul Niles grumbled and soon we continued to advance, Col. Rivers and myself accompanied him to the base of the hill, where all three entered the fort. We saw only five or six Arabs, the remainder descending the hill on the opposite side and running off at full speed. Joslin arrived almost as soon as myself and we both fired upon the rascals, but they were beyond the reach of our muskets and escaped. Col. Rivers took possession of that cannon and I mounted it, horse fashion and flourished my hat in the air. Niles and Joslin did the same with two others when Lieut. Pitman, who had just arrived with a guard of men, shouted “To the village my boys, To the village!!”
In a moment, myself and seven or eight others conquered the hill and crowded into a couple of wagons, which had been captured a little while before, and the horses carried us full speed to Chepachet. We soon reached there, stopped at the Tavern, and surrounded the house. There were two doors in front, one of which was guarded by myself and the other by Tyler and Lieut. Pitman, the balance of the squad who were posted in the rear. Many Dorrites were walking about the principal street of the place, who seeing our small force, began to gather in front of the Tavern and to threaten us. One of them, a large, stout man, felt disposed to enter through the door guarded by Tyler. Instantly a struggle commenced between the two and before Lieut. Pitman, who was now occupied in talking to the Dorrites, could prevent it, the strong man had entered the house, closing the door and dragging in with him Tyler. He said he would not let go of his home.
At this moment, Pitman went to the door, and demanded admittance, pounding the door, while the strong man swore that no one should enter. Then Pitman, not recollecting that Tyler was within, put his musket to the key hole and fired. The ball passed through the leg of the strong man and the cartouche of Tyler, the latter was appearing in front without his hat and greatly excited. I had forgotten today, that on the first appearance of opposition on the part of the Arabs, Lieut. Pitman had given orders to notify Col. Brown of our situation, and it was fortunate that he did so, for the Arabs engaged that one of their party had been fired upon, increased their threats. As for myself, my blood boiled with anger at this affront. My fingers involuntarily touched the trigger of my gun and could barely could I repair from being on the guard. [Editor’s note: This description is one of the few eyewitness accounts of this shooting.]
“Fall back,” cried Lieut. Pitman, “Fall back, by the Gods if you don’t fall back, I will fire into you!” He was on the point of fulfilling his order when around Acotes Hill was then a crowd of men running with all their strength. Eight horses, also, carrying two pieces of cannon came with the men, they came tearing along at full speed (Marine Artillery) The horses stopped in front of the tavern, the men dismounted, turned their cannons, and with their torches lighted, remained ready to obey the orders of their commander. But it was unnecessary. The Dorrites, became frightened and delivered themselves up as prisoners without saying a word. I am sorry to say that the stout man, who was wounded, made his escape in the confusion. His name was Eddy, and his father Lieut. Gov. under Dorr’s constitution. In ten minutes the whole regiment had arrived, and at 9 o’clock that of Col. Swan of Newport also, which gave us a force of eight hundred men.
The First Light Infantry lodged in the dancing hall of the Tavern, and after eating and drinking with sufficiency, I went there. My feet were so sore, that I could barely walk. I took a seat at one of the windows of the hall, which commanded a view of the street and availed myself to the “goings on.” The street was filled with people. There a party was examining the baggage and articles of war, and spreading in the sun their wet over coats. Old men were assembled in little squads, discussing the present state of affairs, while they ate their ham and corned beef. Others were eating and walking at the same time. Here is one trying to discharge his musket and surrounded by friends, giving advice. Yonder are five or six young chaps who came loaded with booty such as military coats and hats, also musical instruments, which they played most harmoniously. Here comes another squad, leading as prisoners some men of every villainous appearance, the victors bearing an air of triumph, while the vanquished looked sad and astonished. Many squads of scouts were preparing to go forth, here is one under my window. I have been told says one, there is much ammunition in such a house. Who says so! No matter replies the first my information comes from good source, let us go- very well- let us go.
But what noise is this approaching. About a dozen men of the Marine Artillery have just found five or six tents and they are rejoicing over them. Below a company are firing their cannons, and the noise caused the windows all over the house to shake. How beautiful and warm the weather is. How lively everything is about. I could not remain there longer. I went out but could barely walk, my feet were so saw [sore]. I went to the banks of the stream, which runs through the village, and soaked my feet in the water, but at a new order, I could not get on my boots, and I was forced to return to the tavern, barefooted, where I remained.
“The Capture of Acote [Acote’s] Hill and the Sacking of the Village of Chepachet . . . on the 28th of June 1842”
Time passed wearily with me. I was uneasy because I could not take part in what was transpiring in the village. I cursed my feet incessantly. At last the hour came, and I quitted the village of Chepachet for Fruit Hill from whence I walked alone to my Brother Charles house, and he carried me in his wagon to Providence. After reaching home, and telling the family all the news, I put on a pair of slippers and went up the street to headquarters, where I remained over an hour, and listened to Mr. Frieze and others while they discussed the losses and the fears which had agitated the good citizens of Providence, the day and night preceding, I was on the way to Chepachet.
The most serious alarm was caused by the striking of the church bell in the northern most part of the city. Afterwards reports were circulated every minute that about five hundred men from Chepachet had arrived suddenly at Pawtucket and were preparing to attack the Kentish Guards and about a hundred Pawtucket men, which was the whole force of the government at that place. Instantly everything was in motion, the Sea Fencibles, the Law and Order portion of the United Train of Artillery, and a section of each of the companies of the City Guards were soon on their way to Pawtucket. Many volunteers, a foot and on horseback went there also. But when they arrived, the danger was over. It seemed that the Kentish Guards had been stationed on the bridge which united the two states of Rhode Island and Massachusetts to prevent a large crowd of men who had gathered on the Massachusetts side from passing over. These latter were behaving in a very unruly manner and displayed their malice by throwing stones at the soldiers, many of whom were wounded.
The commander of the Guards hesitated and then warned he would fire upon them, but all in vain, and finding that he could not stand it any longer, gave the orders to fire. His soldiers did so and the crowd immediately dispersed on every side, leaving behind them one man killed and many wounded. The night was rainy or the destruction would have been greater. I left headquarters and went home, encountering on the way, many armed patrols.
Wednesday June 29, 1842
I hired a horse and chaise of Sam. Bullock and with Sam Tripp rode to Pawtucket. Everything was very quiet. I saw near the bridge two pieces of cannon and a few men guarding them. I put my team in a shed and crossed the bridge, entering the hotel of Bob Atwell, but all was quiet there also, and I saw nothing worthy of servation. I returned to the Rhode Island side and entered Barstow’s Hotel, where I saw Bill Clifford, Halsey, and many other citizens of New York, who had come to fight for their native state. They had joined some citizens of Providence and formed a company of Carbineers, commanded by Olney of New York. They carried Colts six-barreled rifle and numbered about a hundred men. Everybody was surprised that Sam and I visited Bob’s Hotel and returned unmolested. I could not remain long enough to see their cam, but proceeded towards Woonsocket.
We passed through Valley Falls and Manville, stopping at the latter place where we drank and ate a little. In the bar room I encountered a mechanic who felt inclined to talk about the state of affairs. He was a Dorrite and complained greatly because someone had told him that the poor, alone, would be taxed to pay the expenses of the war. I have paid said he, twenty dollars to the Free Suffrage Society, in which now my family has need of. My house has been visited and robbed of a good musket that I had bought expecting an order to go to Chepachet and looking at us attentively. Suddenly he stopped talking and rising himself slowly, left the tavern. The poor man felt himself deserted, no one wished or dared to sympathize with him. The good old days of free suffrage had passed away. No more meetings could he talk about suffrage and curse the Algerines. People now, must go to work.
We reached Woonsocket about 11 o’clock. I had never been there before. It is strange that so pretty a place should be filled with so many rascals. We stopped at the door of the hotel and ordered our horses to be taken care of. The first thing I did was to inquire about the Light Infantry, and was informed that it was not yet arrived. I was soon surrounded by a crowd of young Providence people, asking all at a time, the name of the Infantry officer killed at Chepachet. You have been deceived, cried I, no one has been killed in the Infantry. Good! Good! cried they, “but we heard an officer and two men had been killed in attacking Acotes Hill” It is not true, I replied, you can rely upon it, for I was there, and know all. I then commenced to tell them my news. “Hold on,” cried one, hold on! Let us all take a drink, and afterwards you can explain matters to us. Then after I had told my story, they told me theirs.
Know then, said one of the Cadet Company, that we reached here Monday after noon, about eighty strong, that we made a turn about the village, and stopped at this hotel, of which we made ourselves masters. While we were marching, the Dorrites accompanied us, and hissed at us, the women even appeared at the doors and windows and hooted us. When a guard had been placed at the Hotel, people began to threaten, but our commander, Col. Martin who was full of anger, ordered the rascals to be seized, which was instantly obeyed and his decisive action caused us to be respected by all. But though the people said nothing, they looked upon us with an air of discontent. For this village had always been home to Dorrism.
It was evident to everyone that we would have to make during the night, on this account we quit the hotel and took possession of the brick house, which was just opposite. It is a strong building, and commands the roads leading to Providence and Chepachet. In a little while, we heard that the Dorrites were assembling to attack us. The weather was dark and rainy. Some said that about four hundred men from Chepachet, hearing of our weakness were on the way to this village. All looked vicious but determined. We removed all the windows, from the second story of the building, barricaded those of the first story, and prepared for a fight. We remained thus for an hour, when another report, that the Dorrites fearing to attack us had gone after some cannons, at the same time, an order came from Providence to fall back upon Manville. We obeyed, cursing incessantly the commander in chief because he had not sent us any artillery.
The next day, the Sea Fencibles arrived and also a hundred men chosen from the City Guard, and we entered a second time into this rascally village. All was quiet however, and we were contented. My friend Sam and myself left the Hotel to see what was going on in the village. We saw the Sea Fencibles, but Bro. Thomas was not among them. By the side of a cotton mill, and under the thick branches of a tree, the Cadets, and Providence Guards were arranged in line, and Col. Martin was inspecting them.
At this moment, Charlie Bunn hailed me and said that he had lost his horse. Here is, said he, a secret expedition in prospect and someone has taken my horse, and if you want to keep your gun had better be watching it. Sam and I ran to the stable and found our horses, the hostler saying, that it had been examined but found to be so old, so no one had taken it, but through precaution we watched by turns. I saw many Massachusetts men who had come to see and hear who were cursing their luck because they would be obliged to remain over night, and perhaps their horses would be killed. The object of the expedition was to take the Comstocks. I was glad to see Doct. Sabin who told me he was having good times, and that the woman were very pretty, he told me also that Bro. Thomas had joined the expedition.
About 4 o’clock Sam and I decided to quit the village, as we entered it from the North, we encountered no guard, but there was one at the South (the way we intended to leave) to prevent communications with Providence and Chepachet. It was necessary to have a permit, and I sought Capt. Stephen Olney for that purpose. I found this important personage who told me that he was himself, going to the guard house on business, and he would be there. Then we entered our chaise and left the village. We saw Capt. Olney at the place named, who waved his hand and we passed. I reached Providence by the way of Lindsey Place, about half past six at the moment when the soldiers from Chepachet were entering by way of Olneyville.
It was an imposing sight, the whole length of Westminster Street from the Great Bridge to Grace Church was one forest of bayonets. The men appeared very tired and covered with dust. The women who appeared at the windows sent out garlands of flowers incessantly upon the soldiers. About a hundred and fifty prisoners marched with them. It appeared as if all of the scum of the earth had assembled at Chepachet, and the women trembled with horror, while beholding them, and thought of the fate which would have awaited them, had these devils been the victors.
A sufficiently strong guard conducted the prisoners to the state prison, and the soldiers separated. I went to the Infantry armory and mingled with my comrades. They were covered with dust, and almost exhausted with fatigue, and several could hardly move, from blistered feet. It was an exciting night. All the hotels and public buildings were filled with soldiers. The next day they all separated to return to their several homes.
Saturday July 2
All the military companies came out to receive and escort the Cadets and Sea Fencibles, who came from Woonsocket, and the Carbineers from Pawtucket. This made another day of excitement. Every sheer through which they marched was crowded with people, and carriages, and the ladies at the windows of the houses cast garlands of flowers upon the soldiers. The Cadets carried with them a board on which Tom Hoppin had pictured the figure of “Dorr” and which served them as targets. The resemblance of the portrait astonished everyone. In the rear followed a wagon, conducted by a negro, clothed in a uniform of the Woonsocket Infantry. Attached to the wagon were also five or six poles, covered with the same uniforms, because the Woonsocket Infantry is the company which boasted of being able to alone whip all the Algerines in the state.
“First section of Cadets in pursuit of Dorr”
One might say that the war was ended. The Dorrite newspaper, the Express ceased to be published. The most stubborn Dorrites were moderating down into good citizens. Nevertheless there were several rogues who were afraid to return home, and were wandering about the boarders of the state, stewing with all their power to make trouble. “Bill Blodgett” caught many of them. He is a jolly fellow, always ready for an expedition. I joined him on one of them where Genl. Bill Dean was taken. These outlaws took every occasion to enter the state to visit their families, but there would always be somebody to notify “Blodgett.” The latter with his volunteers would assemble at the Franklin House or some other designated placed, armed with pistols and swords. About ten or eleven o’clock they would enter a back and leave for the dwelling place of the man they intended to capture. The next morning a person meeting Blodgett would ask “What luck, he is across the cove,” he would reply pointing to the State Prison. But in a month the Dorrites had no more fear, or ceased to show any, and began to boast and curse as usual. [Editor’s note: Blodget was convicted of illegally arresting people in Massachusetts by a Massachusetts court; he paid a fine.]
The Author
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